What is
Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease?1,2
COPD includes lung and airway conditions that hinder breathing, primarily due to airway inflammation and damage to lung tissue.1 Both emphysema and chronic bronchitis are types of COPD.1
Early warning signs of COPD3,4
Do’s and Don’ts of COPD5,6
Tests for diagnosis of COPD7
Treatments for COPD8
The primary goals of COPD treatment are to prevent subsequent respiratory infections and to alleviate symptoms including coughing and breathing difficulties.
Types of Inhalers9
References:
1. Cleveland Clinic. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8709-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd Accessed on 25 February 2025.
2. Emphysema. Available at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9370-emphysema. Accessed on 25 February 2025.
3. American Lung Association. Early warning signs of COPD. www.lung.org. 2023. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/symptoms-diagnosis/early-warning-signs Accessed on25 February 2025.
4. Mayo Clinic. COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679 Accessed on 25 February 2025.
5. Mayo Clinic. COPD – Diagnosis and Treatment. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353685. Accessed on 25 February 2025.
6. American Lung Association. Early warning signs of COPD. www.lung.org. 2023. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/symptoms-diagnosis/early-warning-signs Accessed on 25 February 2025.
7. 6 tips for living with COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/6-tips-for-living-with-copd Accessed on 18 October 2024.
8. 6 tips for living with COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/6-tips-for-living-with-copd Accessed on 18 October 2024.
9. Uptodate. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (The Basics). Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-the-basics?topicRef=4647&source=see_link
1. Cleveland Clinic. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8709-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd Accessed on 25 February 2025.
2. Emphysema. Available at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9370-emphysema. Accessed on 25 February 2025.
3. American Lung Association. Early warning signs of COPD. www.lung.org. 2023. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/symptoms-diagnosis/early-warning-signs Accessed on25 February 2025.
4. Mayo Clinic. COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679 Accessed on 25 February 2025.
5. Mayo Clinic. COPD – Diagnosis and Treatment. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353685. Accessed on 25 February 2025.
6. American Lung Association. Early warning signs of COPD. www.lung.org. 2023. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/symptoms-diagnosis/early-warning-signs Accessed on 25 February 2025.
7. 6 tips for living with COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/6-tips-for-living-with-copd Accessed on 18 October 2024.
8. 6 tips for living with COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/6-tips-for-living-with-copd Accessed on 18 October 2024.
9. Uptodate. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (The Basics). Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-the-basics?topicRef=4647&source=see_link